
Hess Kennedy Law Firm – Hess Kennedy Company wants you to fully understand about bankruptcy and bankruptcy protection. Should you ever have any questions please contact info@hesskennedylaw.com right away.
Chapter 11 is a chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code, which permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the
When a troubled business is unable to service its debt or pay its creditors, it or its creditors can file with a federal bankruptcy court for protection under either chapter 7 or chapter 11. In chapter 7, the business ceases operations and a trustee sells all of its assets and distributes the proceeds to its creditors. This is done in accordance with statutory defined priorities. A chapter 11 filing, on the other hand, is usually an attempt to stay in business while a bankruptcy court supervises the "reorganization" of the company's contractual and debt obligations. The court can grant complete or partial relief from most of the company's debts and its contracts, so that the company can make a fresh start. Often, if the company's debts exceed its assets, then at the completion of bankruptcy the company's owners (stockholders) all end up with nothing; all their rights and interests are terminated and the company's creditors end up with ownership of the newly reorganized company.
All creditors are entitled to be heard by the court which is responsible for determining whether the plan of reorganization complies with the purposes of the bankruptcy law and provides for fair and equitable treatment of all parties in interest.
Some contracts, known as executory contracts, may be rejected if canceling them would be financially favorable to the company and its creditors. Such contracts include labor union contracts, supply or operating contracts (with both vendors and customers) and real estate leases. The standard feature of executory contracts is that each party to the contract has duties remaining under the contract. In the event of a rejection, the remaining parties to the contract become unsecured creditors of the debtor.
Chapter 11 is reorganization, as opposed to liquidation. Debtors may "emerge" from a chapter 11 bankruptcy within a few months or within several years, depending on the size and complexity of the bankruptcy. Debtors in Chapter 11 have the exclusive right to propose a plan of reorganization for a period of time. After that time has elapsed, creditors may also propose plans. Plans must satisfy a number of criteria in order to be "confirmed" by the bankruptcy court. Among other things, creditors must vote to approve the plan of reorganization. If a plan cannot be confirmed the court may either convert the case to a liquidation under Chapter 7 or, if in the best interests of the creditors and the estate, the case may be dismissed resulting in a return to the status quo before bankruptcy. If the case is dismissed, creditors will look to non-bankruptcy law in order to satisfy their claims.
As with other forms of bankruptcy, petitions filed under Chapter 11 invoke the automatic stay of § 362. The automatic stay requires all creditors to cease collection attempts, and makes post-petition debt collection void. Under some circumstances, creditors or the United States Trustee can ask the court to convert the case to a liquidation under Chapter 7, or to appoint a trustee to manage the debtor's business. The court will grant a motion to convert to Chapter 7 or appoint a trustee if either of these actions is in the best interest of all creditors. Sometimes a company will liquidate under Chapter 11, in which the pre-existing management may be able to help get a higher price for divisions or other assets than a Chapter 7 liquidation would be likely to achieve. Appointment of a trustee requires some wrongdoing or gross mismanagement on the part of existing management, and is relatively rare.
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Hess Kennedy Company explains Bankruptcy is defined as a legal finding that declares the inability or impairment of ability of a debtor whether an individual or a business entity, to pay its creditors. An insolvent individual debtor, that is a debtor with more liabilities than assets, can use the personal bankruptcy process to legally avoid paying almost all of his or her personal liabilities either temporarily or permanently.
Bankruptcy law in
Chapter 7 gives a discharge to the debtor by allowing a court appointed trustee to liquidate the non exempt assets of debtor and distribute the proceeds among the creditors. Chapter 13 allows the debtors to payoff whole or part of their debts through a trustee according to a court approved repayment plan usually lasting from three to five years.
Debtor has to decide which method suits him best. While debtor can get a discharge fairly promptly by filing under Chapter 7, this method might entail losing important personal property like the home, if it is not exempted. If you need help understanding this please contact Hess Kennedy Company. On the other hand, Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows a debtor the use of property and consolidates his debts together. However since the debtor has to stick to a repayment plan, he must have a regular income and accept the fact that full discharge can only come at the completion of repayment plan.
Concerns of the debtor
Hess Kennedy Company wants to make it clear that another advantage to the debtor that results from personal bankruptcy filing is that all actions already started against the debtor must cease and no further actions can be initiated by creditors once the petition is filed, due to the 'automatic stay' that comes in to effect.
Bankruptcy filing is a matter of public record, but in practice hardly anybody will find this out unless they are personally involved in the case. However, the bankruptcy filing will be on the debtor's credit record for ten years. Hess Kennedy Company explains more. Debtor can hope to obtain fresh credit fairly quickly after he is discharged, in comparison to a heavily burdened debtor. Decision of course depends on the new creditor and is fairly complex with many other factors also contributing.
Whether a personal bankruptcy filing will affect the husband or the wife of the debtor will depend on the State the filing is done and on whether some of the debts are secured.
Hess Kennedy Company wants you to know that in 2005 Congress made several changes to bankruptcy law to prevent abuse. These include, 'means testing' and filing of tax returns to see whether debtors can in fact pay the debts instead of avoiding them, a two year residency requirement in the State concerned to prevent debtors taking advantage of differences between states as to property exemptions etc., and mandatory debt counseling before filing among others.
Hess Kennedy Company
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